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The is the main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) . It was designed and built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries as a replacement for all deployed Type 61 and Type 74 tanks, and entered service in 1990. It is to be superseded by the Type 10 tank. ==History== After the adoption of the Type 74, the Japanese High Command was already looking for a superior, completely indigenous tank design to defeat the Soviet T-72. As a result, development of a prototype, the TK-X MBT began between 1976 and 1977. Joint development was performed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and leadership of TRDI (Japan Defense Agency's Technology Research and Development Institute). Major subcontractors include Japan Steel Works, Daikin Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, Fujitsu and NEC. Requirements of the Type 90 were completed in 1980 with two prototypes, both armed with a Japanese 120 mm gun (product by Japan Steel Works Limited) firing Japanese ammunition (product by Daikin Industries Limited), completed in 1982 to 1984.〔http://senkankojiki.nce.buttobi.net/img147.gif〕 Testing, improvements (Turret and half Modular type ceramic composite armour), and designs were modified and constructed until 1986. A second series of four prototypes was built between 1986 and 1988 which incorporated changes as a result of trials with the first two prototypes. These were armed with the Rheinmetall 120 mm smoothbore gun also fitted to the German Leopard 2 and, in a modified version, in the US M1A1/M1A2 Abrams MBT. These second prototypes were used for development and then user trials, all of which were completed by 1989, before Japan formally acknowledged the Type 90 in 1990. Type 90 formally entered mass production in 1990 and 30 vehicles were produced by the end of the year.〔:ja:90式戦車〕 With the exception of the 120 mm smoothbore gun, which is made under licence from Rheinmetall of Germany, the Type 90 and its subsystems are all designed and built in Japan, leading to higher per unit costs for comparable models from NATO countries such as the M1 Abrams and the Challenger 2. Development of upgrades on Type 90s has suffered both as a result of limited budget resulting in procurement delays〔http://www.japantoday.com/category/top-in-category/view/ragtag-military-left-to-defend-japan-on-shoestring-budget〕 and funding prioritization of the Type 10 Main Battle Tank. Due to Japanese perception that the Type 90 is unsuited for operations in the limited confines of urban areas in Japan, Type 90 tanks are preferentially assigned to the JGSDF Fuji School Brigade and the 7th Armored Division based in Hokkaido where there is sufficient room for maneuver.〔http://goinkyox.com/Gunji/Tank/JTank/Type90.htm〕 With the exception of training exercises such as the annual Combined Live Fire Exercise hosted by the United States Army at Yakima Training Center in Washington State,〔http://www.disam.dsca.mil/pubs/Vol%2019_2/Osmon.pdf〕 the Type 90 has never been deployed overseas, and it has never been tested in combat. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Type 90 Kyū-maru」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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